I've tried Smithyveg's crowbar method in open ground. Wind the crowbar to get a long conical shape, then fill with sifted soil with a little BF&B (blood fish and bone), 3 seeds on top and thin to the strongest, then wait......massive parsnips. Works every time for me, but don't let them get too big and woody though.
I live in the New Forest, England, and the climate is fairly kind.
Best of luck.
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